What are cataracts

Introduction

Cataracts are a common eye condition affecting millions of people worldwide. A common misconception is that a film grows over the eye but that’s not the case. They occur when a lens inside the eye becomes cloudy, causing blurred vision and difficulty seeing. Cataracts can occur in one or both eyes and generally develop slowly over time. 

In this blog, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cataracts and what you can do to put them off. 

Causes of Cataracts 

The lens is transparent because the fibres that it is made of are arranged in nice, neat regular straight layers. Cataracts occur when proteins in the lens clump together and disrupt the fibres causing a reduction in transparency. Certain factors may increase the risk of developing them, including: 

1. Age – Cataracts are more common in older people, and the risk increases as you get older.  
2. Exposure to UV light.
3. Family history – If someone in your family has cataracts, you may be more likely to develop them. 
4. Health conditions – Certain health conditions, such as diabetes, can increase the risk of developing cataracts. 
5. Lifestyle factors – Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing cataracts. 

Symptoms of Cataracts 

The symptoms of cataracts can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include: 

• Blurred vision – Objects may appear blurry or hazy, and it may be difficult to read or see fine details. 

• Sensitivity to light – Bright lights may seem too intense, making it uncomfortable to be outside on a sunny day or to drive at night. 
• Colour vision changes – Colours may seem less vibrant or faded. 
• Difficulty seeing at night – It may be harder to see in low-light conditions or at night. 

Treatment of Cataracts 

If you have been diagnosed with cataracts, the treatment options, depend on the severity of the condition. 

In some cases, prescription glasses with a UV filter or contact lenses may improve vision and delay the need for surgery.  

Making lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, may help prevent or slow the progression of cataracts. 

If you are suffering from significant vision loss, cataract surgery may be recommended. During the procedure, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens implant. 

What can you do to prevent Cataract 

In truth, if you live long enough you are more than likely going to get them at some point. However, there are a few easy things you can do to put them off for as long as possible. 

• Wear sunglasses and prescription glasses with full UV protection. UV has been shown to be a major cause of cataracts and the cumulative damage over the years eventually leads to cataracts.  
• Don’t smoke and don’t drink to excess. 
• Good diet. It has been shown that diets containing Vitamins A, C, E and Lutein and Zeaxanthin reduce the risk of cataracts. So dark leafy greens for the last two and plenty of carrots plus other fruit and veg for the vitamins.  

Conclusion

Cataracts are a common eye condition that can cause significant vision loss if left untreated. If you experience any symptoms of cataracts, it is important to consult an optometrist for an evaluation. Early detection and treatment can help manage the effects and improve your quality of life. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cataracts, you can take steps to protect your eye health and maintain clear vision. 

Here is a little further reading about cataract surgery from the NHS.

Alan Bellamy 

Bellamy Eyecare opticians in Leicester and Irthlingborough have been helping clients with their eye problems for over twenty years. People come to us because we are friendly, approachable and knowledgeable. If you need any help or advice about eye health, sight tests, orthokeratology, designer glasses or anything else, please feel free to contact us.